Pre 1914 Radio Communication

	1: Marconi Wireless Cabin on Board the "Tongue" Lightship. The Trinity Brethren were among the first to recognise the value of Marconi's invention to those who go down to the sea in ships. Ten years ago they ordered the equipment of the East Goodwin Light-vessel with wireless apparatus. Communication with South Foreland Lighthouse, 12 miles distant, was most satisfactorily maintained. The '' Tongue " installation is typical of the many lightships now fitted.
	2: Schooner "Volunteer." Chartered by the Newfoundland Government in 1902, for the purpose of erecting Marconi stations along the coast of the Labrador. The ship was used as a stores and dwelling place by the engineers fitting up the installations, who had to carry out their work in weather, and under conditions, of Arctic severity.
3: Mr. Marconi and Assistants at Cape Breton Station. The illustration shows Signor G. Marconi with five of his assistants outside the High-power Wireless Telegraph Station at Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and gives some idea of the severity of the weather conditions under which Sig. Marconi and his staff carry on their work at times. Mr. Marconi is the third figure from the left.
	4: G. Marconi. Born at Bologna, 1874 Married 1905, daughter of Lord Inchiquin. Carried out first experiments in wireless telegraphy at Bologna. Same first tested in England between Penarth and Weston. In 1899 established wireless communication between France and England, and Trans-Atlantic service between England and America in 1907. In addition to the warships of the British and Italian Navies, most of the ocean liners have the Marconi apparatus.
5: Marconi Station at Banana, Congo Free State. This station was erected by the Marconi Company in July, 1901, to the order of the Congo Government for communication with a similar station at Ambri-zette, Angola, and was operated by natives, illustrative of the ease with which the Marconi apparatus can be mastered and worked. Station now dismantled.
	6: Marconi Station at Niton, Isle of Wight. Erected by the Marconi Company in 1901. Situated on the most southern point of the island. Many early experiments were carried out there. The station has a working range of 150 to 200 miles, and carries on a public telegraph service with ships voyaging between the United States and London, Germany, France, and Holland.
7: Messina  Station. The station at Messina, destroyed in the recent lamentable catastrophe, was illustrative of the multifarious usages to which Marconi's invention may be put. Connecting, as it did, the Italian Peninsula, by means of the similar station at Eeggio di Calabria, with Italy's largest neighbouring island, the service of the Italian State and Sicilian Railways was considerably accelerated. The station is being refitted.
	8: Cape Cod Station. Erected in 1900, this station transmitted direct to a similar station at Poldhu, in Cornwall, England, 2,800 miles distant, an inaugural message from President Roosevelt to His Majesty King Edward, in January. 1903. The poles carrying the aerial wires are now replaced by the familiar lattice work towers. It has provided since 1904 a daily news service to the principal Trans - Atlantic liners.
9: Wireless Telegraph Motor Car. The illustration shows the first application of the Marconi system to moving stations. This steam motor car with its light zinc cylinder serving as an an antenna, was able to communicate, as long ago as 1900, with a corresponding station up to a distance of over 20 miles. Moving stations carried by mules or light field carts now provide instant means of communication up to more than 100 miles.
	10: Cape Breton Station. Erected by the Marconi Company in 1902 for Trans-Atlantic communication, but has since been rebuilt. Now carries on constant communication, day and night,- with station at Clifden, Ireland, transmitting public messages, and supplying a daily news service to Atlantic liners for publication on board. The view is taken from seawards in mid-winter.
11: South Goodwin Lightship. Situated at the southeast corner of the Goodwin Sands. Was equipped with wireless telegraphy in May, 1905, by order of Trinity House. Communicates with stations at Dover and North Foreland. Has been of great service in summoning assistance to vessels in distress on the Sands. Six lightships in all have now been equipped with wireless telegraphy.
	12: John 'Jack' R. Binns. Born at Brigg, Lincolnshire, on 16th Sept., 1884. Entered Marconi service as ship telegraphist at the age of 20. By his devotion to duty he was the means of saving 2,000 lives on the S.S. "Republic," when in collision in the Atlantic, remaining at his post for nearly 50 hours. For this he received an address from the Mayor of Peterborough, and a special presentation from the Directors of the Marconi Company.

13: Jack Binns' Cabin on the "Republic."  The illustration depicts the wireless cabin on the S.S. "Republic" from which Jack Binns sent out his now famous call " C.Q.D.," which brought help from all quarters to the "Republic " after her collision with the S.S. "Florida." On the left are the transmitting instruments and key, and on the right the receiving instruments and recorder. The cabin was partially destroyed in the accident.

14: First Type Transmitting Apparatus. The illustration shows one of the early induction coils and oscillators used by Mr. Marconi for the production of Hertzian waves as employed in wireless telegraphy. The discharge which sets up the ether waves takes place between the two large brass balls, which are partially immersed in oil. , This type has been considerably improved upon.

15: Marconi  Syntonic Receiver.  Invented by Mr. G. Marconi. By its means several wireless messages can be received at the same moment. Two or three, each "tuned" to a different wave, will, if connected to the same "aerial" wire, pick out and record the particular message transmitted by the station using the same '' tune." It is thus possible to receive English, French, and German messages at the same time, each on its own instrument.

17: Marconi Station at Holyhead.  Opened for communication with ships entering and leaving Liverpool, in 1901. From left to right is: Coherer receiver in screening box (front opened), transmitting "jigger," Morse inker with battery of Leyden jars behind, transmitting key, and induction coil by means of which the oscillations, or waves, are created. Stations of this type have a working range of from 150 to 200 miles.

18: Marconi Cabin.  A typical Marconi installation on board ship. The instruments shown are, reading from left: Receivers, Morse recorder, Leyden jar battery, transmitting key, and transmitting coils. These sets enable regular commercial communication to be conducted at distances up to 200 miles, the messages being received on a tape. In the latest type, the messages are received by sound through telephones at much greater distances.

19: Marconi Magnetic Detector.  Invented by Mr. Marconi in 1902. Based upon the change taking place in an iron band travelling between two magnets, when affected by Hertzian waves, which causes a sound in the receivers similar to a telegraph buzzer. Records signals at 3,000 miles. The simplest and yet the most perfect wireless receiver yet invented. Rapidly replacing old coherer receiver where paper tape records are not required.

20: Marconi  Portable Wavemeter.  Invented in 1908 by a member of the Marconi staff, for the measurement of electrical oscillations ox-waves employed in wireless telegraphy. By varying the adjustment until the loudest signals are heard in the telephones, the wavelength is indicated automatically on a scale. Weighs 6 lbs., and only measures 9 ins. by 4 ins. by 6 ins. One of the most useful contributions to the art of wireless telegraphy.

22: Marconi Wireless Cabin on Atlantic Transport Liner.  One of the earlier type installations. The vital portions of the apparatus are duplicated (see two induction coils or transmitters at extreme ends of picture, and the two coherer receivers in screening boxes on the left). In centre is Morse recorder, Leyden jars, and, in front of coil, the transmitting key.

23: Receiving Room (High-power Station, Clifden).  The illustration shows an operator at the High-power Marconi Station at Clifden, Ireland, receiving a message from Glace Bay. Nova Scotia, over 2,000 miles away. Receiving is done by sound through a pair of telephones similar to those used by telephone switchboard operators, and ia carried on at a speed of about 30 words a minute.

24: First Type Lecture Apparatus.  One of the early sets of apparatus used for lecture purposes. To the right is the coherer, tapper, and relay, and on the left a call bell with telegraph sounder. The component parts are the same as in the commercial receiver, but more compactly arranged with the view to easy portability.

	Marconi Receiving Apparatus on an Atlantic Liner. Reading from left to right, the instruments are : Special side lever transmitting key, screening box containing coherer receiver, on which stands a tape wheel; behind is a switchboard carrying starting and regulating switches, voltmeters, ammeters, pilot lamps. The tube from top of screening box is the switch throwing receiver in and out of action by means of the side lever of the key.
	21: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Station, Bari, Italy.  Erected by the Marconi Company for the Italian Government. Now forms part of the Government network of stations for public service with similar station at Antivari (Montenegro) and other places. The two towers support the aerial, consisting of a number of wires arranged in the shape of a fan, point downwards, which lead into the instrument room.
	25: Italian  Portable Marconi Station. This automobile Marconi station is intended for military purposes. It has a working range of 100 miles, and can be brought into action in ten minutes. In addition to propulsion, the engine is used for raising and lowering the aerial elevator on. the roof, and for generating current for the apparatus. Messages can be transmitted and received while travelling at half speed.